Driving Behavior Data

Overview

The driving behavior data is sourced from de-identified and aggregated sensor-based measurements collected from mobile phones via a panel of applications. The applications are not affiliated with any particular demographic group or vehicle type, nor are they tied exclusively to opt-in insurance tracking applications, in order to minimize behavioral, geographic, and demographic biases.

As of 2026, de-identified behavior is captured from around 20 percent of drivers nationwide. These insights are further processed and contextualized through road-network linkage and aggregated to time-of-day and weekday/weekend patterns.

To estimate population-level traffic from raw vehicle probe data, Replica benchmarks sample sizes against official Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS) ground truth. Scaling factors are calculated by determining the "penetration rate" of probe samples within specific geographic clusters and across different highway functional classes. By applying a hierarchical fallback system, which prioritizes localized data but scales up to broader geographies when local samples are sparse, the methodology ensures consistent and accurate volume estimates even in rural or low-traffic areas.

Driving Event Types

Continuous measurement of driving speeds throughout each trip enables comparison against speed limit references and classification of speeding events. Driving behavior events are detected as follows:

• Hard Braking: Detected when the deceleration rate of a vehicle exceeds a per-second threshold.
• Rapid Acceleration: Detected when the acceleration rate of a vehicle exceeds a per-second threshold.
• Excessive Speeding: Detected when vehicle speed exceeds certain critical speeds, like 80 mph, or contextual speeds like 20 mph above the speed limit.
• Distracted Driving: Detected based on the start and end of phone movement from phone-based sensors that indicate meaningful changes in phone orientation for vehicle occupants identified as drivers.
• Suspected Collisions: Detected by a sharp spike in accelerometer readings followed by a major deceleration.

Data Coverage

Driving Behavior data currently includes data going back to Fall 2024. If you require additional historical temporal coverage, please contact us.